An Introduction to Mayanmar

An Introduction to MayanmarMyanmar is located in southeastward Asia, bordered by Bangladesh on the west, India on the northwest, chinaware on the northeast, Laos and Thailand on the east, the Andaman Sea on the south, and the Bay of Bengal on the southwest. It has a land part of 678, 500 squ be kilometers and, as much(prenominal), is the largest mainland southeastern United States Asian verdant and the siemens largest in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) afterward Ind wholenesssia.There are two ecological niches in the country (1) the lowland central plains, which brood amidst the Irrawaddy and Salween Rivers in the center of the country and are occupied by the dominant Burmans and (2) the highlands surrounding the plains, which are primarily inhabited by minority groups such as the Shans, Kachin, Karen, and Chin. The lowland plains are dominated by a monsoon climate of rain from June to October, a cool interlude for a calendar month or two, and then a hot , dry period lasting until the rains return. The unsmooth regions experience the same general seasonal fluctuations with slightly cooler temperatures. Temperature could get ahead 38C between May and October and fall to 20C between December and February.History and Key EventsThe Mon and Pyu peoples are reported to be the first inhabitants in the area. The arrival of the Mon people, who mig enjoind to Southeast Asia from the north is said to commence occurred in the ninth speed of light B.C.E. The first Pyu city-state, Beikthano, was established during the first century C.E. but in 832 C.E. the final Pyu city-state, Sri Ksetra, falls to the Nanzhao farming of China. In 1044, the Burman kingdom of Pagan was founded but experienced invasions by the Mongols in 1287 B.C.E. Pagan declined and innovative centers of power were located at Pinya, Sagaing, and Ava. With the arrival of the British colonizers, a serial publication of war followed. The first Anglo-Burmese struggle occurred between 1824-1826. The second Anglo-Burmese War in 1852 resulted to the expansion of the British territory. As a consequence of the third Anglo-Burmese War in 1883, Burman territories along with that of the neighboring minority groups became part of British India.Burmese nationalism emerged with the establishment of the Young Mens Buddhist association in 1906. They overt a number of schools dedicated to raising the cultural and educational levels of Burmans, so they can compete with Indians for jobs in the colonial government. Strikes against British colonial formula followed. Burma was separated fromfrnhtfcnfnhgbvf India in 1937 but it was soon followed the lacquerese occupation. In 1948, Burma gained independence. A war machine coup in 1962 placed Ne Win in power. Since then, the country had intermittently been under military rule. The government ignored the preference victory by the opposition party, the National League for Democracy and its leader, daw Aung San Suu Kyi was i mprisoned.On July 23, 1997, Myanmar joined ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations). Adminstrative changes were made in attest 2006. Nay Pyi Daw became the new administrative capital. However, in 2007, the country remained broken and huge fuel price increases sparked protests, later dubbed the saffron revolution after the robes of monks who withal joined in.On November 7, 2010, Myanmar held its elections in accordance with the new fundamental law that was approved in the referendum in 2008. As part of Myanmars Roadmap to Democracy, Suu Kyis was released from house discover and detention after 14 years on November 2010.Culture and night clubThe Pyu and Mon were the earliest inhabitants of the area. Under the 1974 Constitution, the governmental map demarcated heathen minority states Chin, Karen (Kayin), Kayah, Mon, Rakhine and Shan and seven divisions where Burmans are in the majority. Myanmar has around 135 linguistic sub-groups from 13 ethnic families. Total populat ion as of July 2010 is estimated at 53, 414, 374. In terms of suppurate structure, 25.3 pct are below 14 years old 69.3 percent are between 15-64 years old and 5.4 percent are 65 years and preceding(prenominal). The median age is 26 years old and conduct expectancy is 64.23 years. The population is expected to grow at a rate of 1.096 percent. In terms of literarcy, 89.9 percent of the population age 15 and above are capable of reading and writing.Burmese is the official oral communication. It belongs to the Sino-Tibetan group of languages and is verbalise by the majority of the population. Likewise, around 15 percent of the population babble Shan and Karen. English is spoken mainly in large cities and among educated sociable groups. Majority of the population, 89 percent, are Buddhists. 4 percent are Christians, 4 percent are Muslims, 1 percent are animist and the rest 2 percent belongs to other local religious groups. Some of the innate people in the hill areas, who followe d various types of shamanistic rituals in the precolonial era, were reborn to Christianity in the nineteenth and twentieth century.Pagan, which is said to be the birthplace of Burmese culture, is the place where the first Burmese empire was founded. This is where the newcomers from the Indo-Chinese plateau first wrote their language and where the Burmese first received the teachings of Buddha. Furthermore, the Ananda temple serves as a commemoration to the great civilization of Pagan. This cave-type temple was built by King Kyanzittha in 1090. Tourist would come for the Ananda temple festival which falls on the fully moon of Pyatho as up to a thousand monks chant twenty-four hours and night during the three days of the festival.GovernmentThe Republic of the Union of Myanmar was antecedently known as the Union of Myanmar or the Union of Burma. Myanmar had been under military rule since 1962. The administrative capital was moved on November 6, 2005 from Yangon, the countrys econom ic hub. after more than two decades, election were held on November 7, 2010. The parliament was convened in February 2011 and agent Prime Minister Thein Sein was sworn into office as president on March 30, 2011. The event marked the end of the junta that ru conduct the country for decades. Tin Myint Oo and Sai Muak Kham will serve as vice presidents. 30 ministers and 39 deputy ministers were also appointed by the president to his government. The legislature is bicameral, which act the House of Nationalities (Amyotha Hluttaw) and the House of Representatives (Pythu Hluttaw). Military forces was estimated at 375,500 in 2006, making it one of largest military in Asia after China and India. The military, that uses Chinese technology, is given a huge portion of the national budget.compriseEconomyMyanmars miserliness is heavily centered on agricultural processing. Major agricultural products are rice, pulses, beans, sesame, groundnuts, and sugarcane. new(prenominal) industries includ e timberland products copper, tin, tungsten, iron cement, construction materials pharmaceuticals fertilizer oil and inhering gas garments, jade and gems. Total exports (which primarily include natural gas, wood products, pulses, beans, fish, rice, clothing, jade and gems) were $6.862 billion in 2009. Major export partners were Thailand (46 percent), India (19 percent), China (9 percent), and Japan (6 percent). On the other hand, total exports (which primarily include fabric, petroleum products, fertilizer, plastics, machinery, rape equipment cement, construction materials, crude oil food products, edible oil) were $4.02 billion in 2009. Major export partners were China (33 percent), Thailand (26 percent), and Singapore (15 percent). Myanmar is also heavily symbiotic on official development assistance (ODAs) in keeping its economy afloat.Foreign RelationsCURRENT ISSUESThailandKaren and other ethnic refugees, asylum seekers, and rebels, as well as illegal cross-border activities f rom Burma the feasibility of jointly constructing the Hatgyi Dam on the Salween River near the border with Burma citing environmental, cultural, and social concerns,Chinareconsidering construction of 13 dams on the Salween River but energy-starved Burma with backing from Thailand remains intent on building 5 hydro-electric dams downstream, despite identical regional and international protestsIndiaseeks cooperation from Burma to keep Indian Nagaland separatists, such as the get together Liberation Front of Assam, from hiding in international Burmese UplandsBangladeshafter 21 years, in January 2008, it resumed talks with Burma on delimiting a maritime boundaryAUSTRALIACurrent Australian policy toward Burma is tightly targeted with admire to both humanitarian aid and financial sanctions imposed on named individuals who form, or are connected to, its ruling military regimen.Australia is well placed to savant a number of diplomatic actions on Burma, including booking a United Natio ns Security Council-imposed arms embargo.SanctionsThe Australian governments current policy toward the Burmese regime is best described as targeted, incorporating a combination of sanctions applied to specifically named individuals and activities, and expenditures allocated to specific purposes and projects while eschewing broad-based restrictions on trade and investment.Diplomatic InitiativesAustralia co-sponsored a village on human rights in Burma at the March 2009 session of the UN kind-hearted Rights Council in Geneva. In November 2008, Australia co-sponsored a resolution on human rights in Burma in the Third Committee of the UN General Assembly.Humanitarian AssistanceThe Australian government provides humanitarian assistance to the Burmese people, with a focus on women and children, ethnic minorities, and displaced persons and refugees on the Thailand-Burma and Bangladesh-Burma borders.CHINAIn 1949, Myanmar became the first noncommunist country to officially recognize the ne wly established Peoples Republic of China.China has become an beta partner for Myanmar in trade, economic assistance, and investment. In 2008, bilateral trade reached US$2.63 billion, increasing 26.4% compared to the year before. In fiscal year 2008-2009, Chinas investment in Myanmar was US$856 million, which ranked first among the investors in Myanmar that year.According to a youthful report prepared by the International Crisis Group, China may be able to extract minor concessions, but these bind never led to fundamental changes in Myanmar. China could not stop the conflict between the Myanmar army and the Kokang cease-fire group. That conflict forced an estimated 30,000 Kokang and Chinese to flee from Myanmar into Chinas Yunnan Province, and the Chinese Foreign Ministry noted that the conflict harmed the rights and interests of Chinese citizens living in Yunnan. The report also said that Chinas influence is limited by the Tatmadaw governments profound distrust of China and its anxiety about domination by China (which will not occur).Bilateral relations between China and Myanmar are nevertheless on a stable base, and dialogue between the two countries is frequent.On folk 28, 2009, for example, General Tin Aung Myint Oo, first secretary of the Myanmar government, attended a reply in honor of the sixtieth anniversary of the Peoples Republic of China in Rangoon along with Lieutenant General Myint Swe, the chief of the Bureau of Special Operations-5, which oversees the Rangoon regional Military Command, and other senior officials.JAPANThe chief aim of the Nipponese governments policy toward Myanmar is to encourage the government and the people of Myanmar to move in the watchfulness of political democratization and economic development.Japan assists Myanmar in economic development, recognizing the fatality and urgency of enhancing the welfare of the people as well as the geo-economic magnificence of the country as a link between South Asia and Southeast Asia.In the context of economic cooperation, Japan has provided grant and technical assistance, although yen-denominated loans have been suspended since 1988. The purpose of this assistance has been mainly to improve humanitarian conditions through medical and health care, school construction, and education. The allocation of financial resources has been decided on a case-by-case basis, taking into account improvements in the human rights pip and the progress of political democratization.PHILIPPINESAreas in which specific Philippine policies could be sayProviding assistance in education modernization programs, including provisions for liberal arts and humanities.Working within ASEAN to provide the basis for political reform in Burma/Myanmar by making use of provisions in the ASEAN Charter that hike up respect for democracy and human rights and in the ASEAN Political and Security biotic community that urge the sharing of values and norms in the region.Initiating exchange visits by new people on a bilateral basis between Burma/Myanmar and the Philippines, including clump exchanges through nurture programs for young bureaucrats (e.g., the Foreign Service Officer cadet program in the Philippines).Initiating cultural exchanges between the two countries.ASEANASEAN functions according to consensus decisions, it is unbelievable to serve as anything more than a structure for managing economic relations, and it cannot subdue the reluctance of India and China to do anything that would adversely affect their economic interests in Burma/Myanmar.ASEANs Stand on MyanmarDefended the membership of Myanmar in ASEANOpposed any dissimilitude directed at Myanmar in ASEANs external relations and cooperation with any dialogue partner or other external partyContinued to oppose Myanmars quest to join Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation as soon as the moratorium on organization membership is liftedSupported Myanmars joining the annual ASEAN-Europe meet starting from the fi fth meeting in Hanoi in October 2004 boost and supported dialogue and cooperation among all parties concerned with achieving peaceful resolution to the political problems and national reconciliation in MyanmarSupported the prompt implementation of Myanmars seven-step roadmap to democracy, as expressed, in particular, at the 2003 ASEAN Summit in BaliEncouraged Myanmar to keep chum ASEAN member states fully informed of progress as well as setbacks in implementing various measures in the roadmapSupported the ASEAN chair when interacting with MyanmarSupported the erect offices of the UN secretary-general and his special envoy to MyanmarSupport capacity building for the Myanmar government, including attachment to and training at the ASEAN Secretariat, as well as recruitment of Myanmar nationals to work in the ASEAN Secretariat.Take an active leadership role in mobilizing ASEAN and international support for the operations to provide humanitarian assistance to survivors of Cyclone Nargis , under the Tripartite snapper Group of ASEAN, the United Nations, and Myanmar

Legacy of Qin Shi Huangdi

Legacy of Qin Shi HuangdiLegalism is a belief transcription that emerged in antediluvian mainland chinaware during the age of the Warring States (771-221 B.C.), during which several viewpoints for reestablishing ease within China were competing following societal disorder. It was an approach defined by extreme methods, goals, and strict adherence to law. Under this political philosophy, military personnel constitution was perceived as evil and therefore heavy restraints were to be lay on humans. The laws established during this period were meant to be easy understandable, punishments threatening, and rewards prompt so that plenty decided to do exactly what the governance asked of them(Major). Under legalism, a highly efficient and military forceful governing body was believed to be fundamental to maintaining st aptitude. whatever disobedience was to be met with harsh punishments to make it less appealing for community to choose to be disobedient, while the well executio n of duties by people was to be rewarded to encourage such complying behavior. It was not until Shi Huangdi came to the throne in 246 B.C., did Legalist political theory gain favor and actu everyy be implemented in China. The commencement ceremony emperor utilize 4 methods to rule and unify China effectively, of which were centralization, standardization, censorship, and human rights ab exercise. One of these readings, censorship, helped accomplish its goal of unifying China by disapprove the presence of controversy which slows down the integration of society. Censorship is an important power for the presence of Legalism and it seems apparent that it has increased from Ancient China in basis of complexity. While Modern China, no longer reflects the extent to which Legalism has been prevalent in Ancient China, it, a country that lacks media freedom, still is imprinted with the main aspects associated with this philosophy.Censorship is the practice of officially examining books, movies, written works, and other objects in order to suppress unacceptable or objectionable parts. The purpose of this is to discourage opinion that may be detrimental to the presidency and is able to cause debate. In Ancient China, Legalist used censorship to control ideas, actions, and peoples behavior. One way they showed use of it was by orderliness a campaign in 213 B.C. for confiscating and burning books in private transfer that were harmful toward the regimen (Major). Another more than serious action that illustrates the back-then use of censorship was Huangdis burial of Confucian scholars a live(a) in the capital after(prenominal) learning ab come to the fore their dissent toward his policies. Therefore, censorship allowed individuals that go against the government in any way or caused disputes in society to be easily removed. Without any amount of censorship, people cigaretteful be easily bowd by materials used to convey opinion and the government would face diff iculty in controlling its citizens.Today, the Great Firewall of China is the technology that the Chinese government uses to pulley jam access to material it finds inappropriate on the web (Olesen). Chinese net profit users are restricted with this from having the freedom to view certain search results fully, bedevil discussions on certain topic, and to be able to express any comments freely. agree to an academic cooperative, China has the foundings most sophisticated internet filtering system, and the Chinese government is arguably the worlds best at controlling what is people see (Wiseman). This is ascribable to the Chinese governments intolerance of dissent that can be easily order when viewing information on the web. Internet freedom is important because as President Obama stated, the more freely information flows, the stronger the society becomes, because then citizens of countries or so the world can hold their own governments accountable (Scherer). The Chinese governm ent would be in all probability to disagree and apparently would want their citizens to be strained as on the web to lessen their power and influence, to make the government more powerful and dominating over them as during the Legalist era when citizens were be as powerless, insignificant government workers. Accessing data on sensitive as well as controversial subjects is difficult with the Chinese monitoring all incoming and outgoing traffic on the web. An example of a change search engine for China that filters results effectively on such topics is Google China. With this website, when users sheath in Tiananmen Square, they will receive only the tourist images of the place and not the images of the 1989 protests for democratic reform there that ended up in a violent crackdown by the Chinese government (Wiseman). This reveals how the Chinese government is loth to put up certain information online because it can be used to persuade them to take blame for something the governm ent tries to act as if less prudent for an event that went wrong when they previously intervened in it. Therefore, China uses propaganda officials who send out teams of commentators to post patriotic messages on websites and online bulletin boards to encourage the spread of ultranationalistic opinion and/or positive feedback by citizens to the government (Edward). This helps show how the government tries to hide information it feels shouldnt be shared with information thats more likely to encourage positive attitude toward the government.Censorship efforts are also seen on tv hardening in China, where they are used to limit foreign ideas swaying citizens. Because the intelligence operation media is not privatized, but managed by the government, the government has more power than citizens and has the ability to force media stations to use only approved news stories sort of than any criticizing Chinas government (Haugen). Publishing or broadcasting on television anything that is distasteful to the Chinese government is illegal in the nation and can lead to imprisonment (Haugen). Again, these laws help protect the Chinese government more than the governments citizens, which would have been supported by the Legalists. An example of TV censorship that occurred this month was during President Obamas visit to China. After American officials negotiated to have the Chinese set aside live nationwide broadcast time for the presidents town foyer with Chinese student, China still refused to follow their requests, and the event was shown later on TV (Scherer). This gave time for Chinese officials to edit the row. When the president addressed the world in his inaugural and reached a line in his speech describing communism, the live broadcast in China was cut off and later versions of the speech had this part outlaw (Edward). Another line edited spoke to countries that impose censorship policies to prevent criticism of their government. China might have censored su ch presidential comments to lessen the influence from Western values and to block out any sort of persuasion that might cause its citizens to do actions other cultures support but are unwelcome in China as they break with traditional Chinese values. This suggests China still has a hint of isolationism attitude toward other nations as it did have in the Legalist era and doesnt want to blend in with other countries as blending in would fade away traditional principles. Censorship is used to prevent Chinese citizens from complying with other nations other than China.Although the philosophy of Legalism isnt prevailing as it was in Ancient China, the heavy presence of media censorship on the Internet, television, and on foreign ideas, in China today, reveals that there is still a lasting impact from legalism that can noticed. If there wasnt any presence of Legalism, then, modern Chinese government would have been drastically different as citizens would have much more power than the gover nment. But it isnt in a country that lacks essential media freedom.BibliographyEdward, Jonathan Ansfield. Chinese TV Censors Part of Address by Obama. The New York Times. 22 Jan. 2009. 13 Nov. 2009 .Haugen, David M. China Opposing Viewpoints. Farmington Hills Greenhaven, 2006.Major, John S. The Land and People of China. Lippincott, 1989.Olesen, Alexa. Chinese Censors Block Obamas rallying cry to Free Web. Time. 16 Nov. 2009. 19 Nov. 2009 .Scherer, Michael. Could Obama Get Around Chinas Great Firewall? Time. 16 Nov. 2009. 19 Nov. 2009 .Wiseman, Paul. Cracking the Great Firewall of Chinas Web Censorship. USA Today. 23 Apr. 2008. 13 Nov. 2009 .

Ebola Virus Mechanism of Infection

Ebola Virus Mechanism of InfectionThe Ebola virus (EBOV) is an enveloped, non-segmented, negative-strand RNA virus, which together with Marburg virus, makes up the filoviridae family. The virus causes severehemorrhagic fever associated with 50-90% human mortality1. 4 species of the virus (Zaire,Sudan, Cte dIvoire, and Reston ebolavirus) give thus farthest been identified, with Zaire ordinarylyassociated with the highest human lethality2. A fifth EBOV species is confirmed in a 2007outbreak in Bundibugyo, Uganda3,4. Infection with EBOV results in uncontrolled viralreplication and quadruplex organ failure with death occurring 6-9 days afterwards onset ofsymptoms5. Fatal cases argon associated with high viremia and defective resistant responses,while survival is associated with early and vigorous humoral and cellular tolerantresponses6-9. Although preliminary vaccine trials in primates have been highlysuccessful10-13, no vaccines, specific immunotherapeutics, or post-exposure tre atments atomic number 18currently approved for human use. Since 1994, EBOV outbreaks have increased more thanfour-fold, thus neces stickating the urgent development of vaccines and therapeutics for use in theevent of an intentional, accidental or natural EBOV release.The EBOV genome contains seven genes, which trail the deductive reasoning of eight proteins.Transcriptional editing of the fourth gene (GP) results in expression of a 676-residue transmembrane-linked glycoprotein termed GP, as closely as a 364-residue secreted glycoproteintermed sGP14,15. EBOV GP is the main cigaret for the design of vaccines and entry inhibitors.GP is post-translationally cleaved by furin16 to yield disulfide-linked GP1 and GP2subunits17. GP1 effects fixing to host cells, while GP2 mediates jointure of viral and hostmembranes16,18-20. EBOV is thought to move in host cells through sense organ-mediated hold onocytosis via clathrin-coated pits and caveolae21, followed by actin and microtubuledepen denttransport to the endosome21, where GP is further elegant by endosomalcathepsins22-24. Essential cellular receptor(s) have not yet been identified, only if DC-SIGN/LSIGN25,hMGL26, -integrins27, folate receptor-28 and Tyro3 family receptors29 have allbeen implicated as cellular factors in entry. Here, we report the crystal complex body part of EBOV GP,at 3.4 resolution, in its trimeric, pre- coalescence figure in complex with neutralizingantibody Fab KZ52. GP1 is responsible for cell surface adhesion, which is believably mediated by a areaincluding residues 54-20132. GP1 is composed of a case-by-case demesne (65 30 30 ),arranged in the topology shown in Fig. 2a, and dismiss be further subdivided into the (I) sottish, (II) item and (III) glycan cap domains (Fig. 2a and Supplemental Fig. S3). The base (I) sub areais composed of deuce sets of sheets, conformitying a semi-circular surface which clamps the midlandfusion hand-build and a ringlet of GP2 through hyd rophobic interactions (Fig. 2b). Moreover, thissubdomain contains Cys53, which is proposed to form an intermolecular disulfide connect toCys609 of the GP2 subunit17. Cys53 re statuss near GP2 in the 2-3 cringle at the viral membraneproximalend of the base subdomain (Fig. 2a-b). Our EBOV GP contains an intact GP1-GP2disulfide bridge, based on reducing and non-reducing SDS-PAGE analysis. However, the region containing the counterpart GP2 cysteine is disordered, which whitethorn reflect functionallyimportant mobility in the region. The division (II) is located amongst the base and glycan capregions towards the host membrane surface. devil intramolecular disulfide trusss stabilize thehead subdomain and confirm the biochemically unflinching disulfide bridge assignments17.Cys108-Cys135 connects a surface-exposed loop (8-9 loop) to strand 7, while Cys121-Cys147 bridges the 8-9 and 9-10 loops (Fig. 2a). The glycan cap (III) contains fourpredicted N-linked glycans (at N228, N238, N25 7 and N268) in an / dome over the GP1head subdomain (Fig. 1b and 2a). This subdomain does not form any monomer-monomercontacts and is fully exposed on the f number and outer surface of the chalice. The central sheetsfrom the head and glycan cap together form a fairly flat surface and, in the context of the GPtrimer, form the three inner sides of the chalice trough.Ebola virus GP2GP2 is responsible for fusion of viral and host cell membranes and contains the internal fusionloop and the septette buy up regions, HR1 and HR2. umteen viral glycoproteins have fusionpeptides, located at the N goal of their fusion subunit, which are released upon cleavageof the precursor glycoprotein. By contrast, class II and class III fusion proteins, as well as classI glycoproteins from Ebola, Marburg, Lassa and avian sarcoma leukosis viruses, containinternal fusion loops lacking a free N terminus. The crystal social structure reveals that the EBOVGP internal fusion loop, which encompasses residu es 511-556, utilizes an antiparallel stranded scaffold to expose a partially helical hydrophobic fusion peptide (L529, W531, I532,P533, Y534 and F535) (Fig. 2c). The side chains of these hydrophobic residues pack into aregion on the GP1 head of a neighboring subunit in the trimer, reminiscent of the fusion peptidepacking in the pre-fusion parainfluenza virus 5 F structure33. A disulfide bond between Cys511at the base of 19 and Cys556 in the HR1 helix covalently links the antiparallel sheet. Thisdisulfide bond between the internal fusion loop and HR1 is keep among all filoviruses,and is kindred to a pair of critical cysteines flanking the internal fusion loop in avian sarcomaleukosis virus34,35. Interestingly, the EBOV internal fusion loop has features more similar tothose notice in class II and III viral glycoproteins (in particular to flaviviruses) than those previously observed for class I glycoproteins (Supplemental Fig. S4). It thus appears thatregardless of viral protein c lass, internal fusion loops share a common architecture for theirfusion function.EBOV GP2 contains two heptad repeat regions (HR1 and HR2), connected by a 25-residuelinker containing a CX6CC melodic theme and the internal fusion loop. The crystal structures of postfusionGP2 fragments30,31 have revealed that the two heptad repeat regions form antiparallel helices and that a CX6CC motif forms an intrasubunit disulfide bond between Cys601 andCys608 (Supplemental Fig. S5). In the pre-fusion EBOV GP, HR2 and the CX6CC motif aredisordered. By contrast, the HR1 region is well ordered and can be divided into four segmentsHR1A, HR1B, HR1C and HR1D (Fig. 2c), which together assemble the cradle circle GP1.Similarly, heptad repeat regions in influenza and parainfluenza viruses also contain multiplesegments in their pre-fusion helices that substantially rearrange in their post-fusioncon validations33,36,37.The first two segments, HR1A and HR1B (residues 554-575), together form an helix with a n40 kink at T565, which delineates HR1A from HR1B. Interestingly, the bend betweenHR1A and HR1B contains an unusual 3-4-4-3 stutter, which whitethorn act as a conformationalswitch31, rather than the typical 3-4 periodicity of heptad repeats (Supplemental Fig. S6). Asimilar stutter has also been storied in parainfluenza virus 5 F33. The Ebola virus HR1C (residues576-582) forms an extended coil linking HR1B to the 14-residue helix of HR1D (residues583-598). HR1D forms an amphipathic helix and the hydrophobic faces of each(prenominal) HR1D join toform a three-helix compile at the trimer interface. Although the breakpoint maps directly to aLee et al. Page 3Nature. write manuscript available in PMC 2009 June 22.NIH-PA Author hologram NIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author Manuscriptchloride ion grooming target in the post-fusion conformation of GP230,31 and at least two otherviruses38,39, no chloride ion is observed here as HR1 and HR2 do not come together to formthe six-helix bu ndle. Instead, the pre-fusion GP2 adopts a unexampled conformation, intimatelycurled around GP1 (Fig. 1c).Ebola virus GP-KZ52 interfaceKZ52 is an antibody isolated from a human survivor of a 1995 outbreak in Kikwit, Democratic republic of the Congo (formerly Zaire)40. This antibody neutralizes Zaire ebolavirus invitro40 and offers protection from lethal EBOV challenge in rodent models41, but has minimaleffects on viral pathogenicity in non-human primates42. KZ52 is directed towards a vulnerable,non-glycosylated epitope at the base of the GP chalice, where it engages three noncontinuoussegments of EBOV GP residues 42-43 at the N terminus of GP1, and 505-514 and 549-556at the N terminus of GP2 (Fig. 3 and Supplemental Fig. S7). Although the majority of the GPsurface buried by KZ52 belongs to GP2, the presence of both GP1 and GP2 are critical forKZ52 recognition43. It is likely that GP1 is postulate to curb the proper pre-fusionconformation of GP2 for KZ52 binding. Indeed, KZ52 is t he only antibody known to bridgeboth attachment (GP1) and fusion (GP2) subunits of any viral glycoprotein. Given that KZ52requires a conformational epitope seen only in the GP2 pre-fusion conformation and that theKZ52 epitope is distant from the putative receptor-binding localise (RBS), KZ52 likely neutralizesby preventing rearrangement of the GP2 HR1A/HR1B segments and blockage host membraneinsertion of the internal fusion loop. Alter indigenely, IgG KZ52 may sterically hinder access tothe RBS or to a separate binding site of another cellular factor, especially if multiple attachmentevents are required for entry.The KZ52 epitope of GP is convex and does not have a high fix complementarity to theantibody (Sc index of 0.63), although 1600 2 of each GP monomer are occluded upon KZ52binding. The antibody contacts a total of 15 GP residues by van der Waals interactions and 8direct hydrogen bonds (Supplemental Fig. S7). Ten out of 15 residues in the structurally delineateKZ52 epitop e are unique to Zaire ebolavirus (Supplemental Fig. S6), thus explaining the Zairespecificity of KZ52.Ebola virus GP glycosylationWe generated a fully glycosylated molecular model of EBOV GP to illustrate the native GPtrimer as it exists on the viral surface (Fig. 4). The majority of N-linked glycosylation sites areconcentrated in the mucin-like domain and glycan cap of GP1. Given that the mucin-likedomain is 75 kDa in mass (protein and oligosaccharide), the volume of this domain ispredicted to be similar to each GP monomer observed here. The crystal structure suggests thatthe mucin-like domain is linked to the side of each monomer and may further build up the wallsof the chalice, forming a deeper bowl (Fig. 4). Although a mixture of complex, oligomannoseand hybrid-type glycans are found on intact, mucin-containing GP144, those glycans outsidethe mucin-like domain are likely to be complex in nature the mucin-deleted GP used forcrystallization is sensitive to PNGaseF, but not to Endo H treatment (Supplemental Fig. S8). stamp of complex-type oligosaccharides on the EBOV GP indicates that the majority ofthe GP trimer is cloaked by a thick layer of oligosaccharide, even without the mucin-likedomain (Fig. 4). The 19 additional oligosaccharides on the full-length GP (17 on the mucinlikedomain and 2 more on GP1, disordered here) further conceal the sides and top of thechalice. The KZ52 binding site and, presumably, the flexible regions of HR2 and themembrane-proximal external region (MPER) remain exposed and perhaps vulnerable tobinding of antibodies and inhibitors.Lee The development of neutralizing antibodies is limited in natural Ebola virus infection. Manysurvivors have low or insignificant titres1,7, and those antibodies that are elicited preferentiallyrecognize a secreted version of the viral glycoprotein that features an alternate quaternarystructure and lacks the mucin-like domain43. The glycocalyx surrounding EBOV GP likelyforms a shield that protects it fro m humoral resistive responses and/or confers stability insideor outside a host. The mucin-like domain and glycan cap sit together as an external domain tothe viral attachment and fusion subunits, reminiscent of the glycan shields of HIV-1gp12045,46 and Epstein-Barr virus gp35047, perhaps pointing to a common theme for insubordinateevasion. Alignment of filoviral sequences indicate that regions involved in immune evasionhave a low degree of sequence conservation i.e. GP1 glycan cap (5%) and mucin-like domain(0%), but the N-glycosylation sites in the glycan cap are mostly conserved among all EBOVsubtypes (Supplemental Fig. S6), indicating the functional importance of these posttranslationalmodifications.Sites of receptor binding and cathepsin cleavageAlthough a definitive receptor for EBOV remains to be identified, previous studies32,48,49have determined that residues 54-201, which map to the base and head subdomains of GP1,form a putative receptor-binding site (RBS) for attachment to host cells. Additionalexperimental studies have identified at least 19 GP1 residues, assigned into four groups basedon the berth in the structure, that are critical for viral entry48-50 (Fig. 5). Many of theseresidues are apolar or aromatic and are involved in maintaining the structural integrity of GP1for receptor binding or fusion. However, six residues (K114, K115, K140, G143, P146 andC147) cluster within a 20 15 surface in the inner bowl of the chalice and may thusrepresent important receptor contact sites. All residues in the putative RBS are highly conservedamong Ebola virus species (Supplemental Fig. S6).Importantly, this putative RBS is recess beneath the glycan cap and perhaps further maskedby the mucin-like domain (Fig. 4), suggesting that additional conformational change or removalof the mucin-like domain could reveal additional surfaces required for receptor or cofactorbinding. It has been demonstrated that endosomal proteolysis of EBOV GP by cathepsin Land/or B r emoves the mucin-like domain to produce a stable 18 kDa GP1 mediocre whichhas enhanced viral binding and infectivity22-24. The precise site of cathepsin cleavage is unknown quantity and the role of cathepsins in natural infection is as yet unclear. However, formationof an 18 kDa GP1 fragment implies that cathepsin may cleave near the GP1 13-14 loop(residues 190-213). Indeed, this loop is unresolved in the pre-fusion structure, suggestingenhanced mobility and accessibility to enzymatic cleavage. segmentation within this loop wouldremove the entire mucin-like domain and glycan cap region (Fig. 5). As a result, 7 to 9strands and their associated loops would become exposed. These regions of GP are in proximityto the previously identified residues critical for viral entry. The fold, status andphysicochemical properties of this site should now provide new leads in the seem for theelusive filoviral receptor(s).A summary of the Ebola virus mechanism of infection, including the events of cathepsincleavage and conformational changes to GP2 during fusion, is presented.

Factors Affecting The Successful Implementation Of Balanced Scorecard Accounting Essay

Factors Affecting The Successful Implementation Of fit wag Accounting EssayAim- The objective of this paper is to exhibit the factors poignant the sucessful implementation of a Balance scorecard.Introduction- A brief idea near reliefd scorecard,definition operation. literary productions Review and and Analytical framework- Detailed Analytical analyse of the researchers , on the factors affecting sucessful implementation of BSC.Conclusion A summary of the to a higher place topic and recommendations .BSCINTRODUCTIONBalance scorecard is a strategicalal homework and management dodge that is used extensively in blood line and industry, government, and non network organization worldwide to align business activities to the vision and dodging of the organization, amend internal and outside(a) communications, and monitor organization cognitive operation against strategic goals.The original balance scorecard was invented by Art Schneiderman(an independent consultant on the management of offsetes) in 1987 at analog devices, a mid coat semi conductor company Later on it was restructured by Robert Kaplan and David P. Norton in the use of balance scorecard in their 1992 article on balanaced scorecard.(The balance scorcard)The balance scorecard was made for the make bet preconditi onent in organizational proceeding and competitiveness. (Arthur M schneiderman)Traditional performance ginmills ar inadequate to measure performance and guide organizations in rapidly changing, composite economic environment. Organizations need to combine performance measurement to outline, and must measure performance in shipway that both encourage positive future publications and replicate past performance.Robert S. Kaplan and David P. Norton, among the proponents of these strategic concepts, give a better definition equilibrate scorecard provides managers with the instrumentality they need to navigate to future competitive success. Today, organizations argon comp eting in complex environments so that an accurate taking into custody of their goals and the methods for attaining those goals is vital. Balance scorecard translates an organizations mission and outline into a comprehensive set of performance measures that provides the framework for a strategic measurement and management system.It retains an emphasis on achieving financial objective just alike accepts the performance push backrs of these financial objectives,(The Balanced Score Card Translating schema into Action, pp. 1-3)The introduction under foreshort circuitenn discusses first of all how the BSC evaluated with the course of succession the need for the same. and then in the literature review a thorough discussion and vantage point of the authors of articles are taken into rumination followed by a criticism. In the outcome a proper summary and what the research has produced allow be discussed foreground the splendour, need and factors affecting the successful implem entation of BSC would be discussed.In the close eleven years, balance scorecard has play an vital role for implementing schema and monitoring performance. Creating a system focused organization (the phrase coined by the founders of the Balanced Scorecard methodology) is a significant, challenging culture change for umpteen organizations. Success in achieving this change requiresRegular executive director support and involvement.Education, communication, and visibleness of the strategy and measurements of its effectiveness throughout the organization.To review the stragy so that constant feedback is obtained.Tools to enable non-technical users to understand the key drivers of the measures.Translation of the strategy to operational terms so that alignment to strategy and implementation of it occur at all levels of an organization. appendage of BSCWe hand over to view the organization from quatern perspectives in rear to push strategy to achieve organizational goals Financial perspectiveOrganisations objective entrust be to earn higher profits by applying all the resources . Kaplan and Norton regards traditional need for financial data.Customer perspectiveIn any business, enormousness on customer focus is relevant for organizational growth if the customers are not satisfied the revenues will be lowered and as a result return on investment will decrese.Internal business perspectiveThe internal process refers to quality production , timely language wich will retain the existing customers and also will improve to materialize new customersLearning and growth perspectiveHere employee is trained and move ,and improved learning skills are provided To improve the work process, which will improve the quality of the product and alsoTimely delivery.The four perspectives is shown below in form of graph Literature ReviewFactors affecting successful implementation of Balanced Scorecarddodge Implementation and entertain Here author has stressed the importance a bout formulation and implementation . Once the strategy has been devised, major hassle Is to implement the BSC Scorecard. The around frequent problem include underestimating the time inevitable for implementation and un looklable factors in the external environment.( Helen Atkinson pp.1443,1444)Another author (Ulf johanson et. Al) also argued about idea of BSC implementation.The concept does not allow for an open invitation to insert in learning and development process.Trying to force the objectives on another is risky. old management style, is another factor author has bought to the notice . Here he argues that without proper senior management support and delegation it is laborious to correctly implement balanced scorecard.Strategic catch systems Strategic ascendance system provides the short term targets that deliver unyielding term goals. Strategic control are required to provide a balance between long term organizational goals and short term operational demands. (Helen Atkinson pp.1446). Thus he sees that there is a need to establish co-ordinated strategic and management control objectives. Furthere more, he points that issues relating to employee and suppliers are not co-related to performance management. Translating vision into strategy,is difficult process as its time consuming focuses on much wider change in the organization.(Helen Atkinson pp.1449)Organizations that have successfully implemented the Balanced Scorecard have achieved peculiar transformations in their financial performance, in many cases vaulting to the top ranks in their industry groups.Many aspects of Balanced Scorecard development and deployment depend on effective use of technology to be successful. Numerous software packages have been developed to help automate the Balanced Scorecard, but it is very difficult to deliver the needed capabilities in a single software package. Therefore, the Microsoft Balanced Scorecard Framework has been developed to allow organizations to Develop and deploy a scorecard economically using an existing infrastructure.Manage and display the data and knowledge pertinent to Balanced Scorecards.Facilitate analysis of measures so that pep up corrective action can take place.The framework provides a comprehensive, flexible, toll-effective way to deploy the Balanced Scorecard and deliver superior returns on people, processes, customers, and technologies.Management involvement and endorsement- Without the full personal support and endorsement of the executive team the transformation would be impossible. Communication of Balanced scorecard needfully to be focused as ,it delivers top management ideas, views on strategy to lower level( Anthony A. Atkinson et al.)Floor level employees are the ones who will achieve the targets, so they should be aware of the objectives and targets provided to them.(Meena Chavan)Scorecard is prepared as one time event .In most cases, Top executive team spends much more time in aim and launching t he BSC, as a result there lacks whatever missing measures at the time of start of throw up and launch time. Here BSC implementation fails which lacks in considering the review of BSC. (Anthony A. Atkinson et al.)Critical analysis of the LiteratureReferring to Helen Atkinson on strategy implementation and control it is backed up in the sense that without proper implementation of the project, objectives will not drive further. Once the vision is set clear , proper strategy should be chalked out so that Objectives will be achieved without any hindrance.As Atkinson verbalize full involvement of top management is essential in order to achieve organizational goals with the help of balanced scorecard by adopting four perspectives.Morever, internal process plays a vital role in increase return on investments if, it is properly backed up by employee readiness and growth. Employees should be provided adequate training to do the job. Many, consultants criticizes that it does not provide a final score or view with proper recommendations or suggestions. It is a simply list of metrics. For Example employees cannot view their score with respective to their objectives. to the highest degree of the organisations follows the four perspectives and doesnt allow scope for external perspectives. They should take into consideration external factors according to the needs of the situation and change. Various researchers and authors have critically bought most important issues that will affect the implementation of BSC. We should take their consideration as a review so that BSC will run smoothly in achieving organisational objectiveIn balance between Goals and accountability- I agree with meena chavan, in the sense that all the people should take responsibility of the goals they are given. Unless they take accountability and responsibility goals will not be achievedThere are certainly all elements which forms the basis for a good scorecard , besides it is important to add some e xtra detail to the perceptions. The quick consideration of the scorecard should lead to a very specific understanding of the strategy of the organisation . Furthermore, it should not be over financial. Financials are usually,though not always,the measure of success or failure.The balanced scorecard is treated as a consultancy project. It is implemented as a consultancy project rather than management project. By treating it as a consultancy project , time is spent and also cost is increased. In addition, the senior management team will be overpassed , to whom their will be no idea about strategies, objectives of the organization.BSC viewed as short term project No organisation likes to deviate from the objectives and run the same for short period. They insists that whatever strategy they developed should work for long term. This is baseless factors.BSC should be developed as an instrument for change.To grasp the importance of intangible resources in the value creation process and mo bilize the attention and action of midway management , BSC should be developed with its emphasis on management control and non-financial indicators.ConclusionBalanced scorecard was designed to measure organizations performance against strategic goals. It use has been made by most of the fortune 500 companies. For designing of BSC four perspectives are important . Various researches have indicated that BSC should also include others factors in the perspectives such as environment, Job security. Focusing on one measurement of business success can lead to hazardous.In the Literature and books that I have reviewed, while designing the major factors that are liable for implementation are , formulating strategy,setting up of proper perspectives, formulation of team, communication of the Strategy and objectives and poor score card designs.Furtheremore, balanced scorecard approach requires some major changes in culture within the organization. The balanced scorecard requires understanding commitment and support from the top executive level. Different organizations have diametrical needs, markets, products and services For which balanced scorecard will differ. It has also to consider the various perspectives.Properly designed Balanced scorecard, will address the key problems with strategy implementation, the performance of the organization ,the communication, the role of middle management and existing control systems.Balanced scorecards have been implemented in corporations, government organizations ,non profit organizations and schools.In conclusion , balanced scorecard is a management system , which has outgo the traditional measurement system enables the organization to illuminate their vision and strategy and interpret into action..It provides feedback internal business external business process in order to continuously improve strategic performance and results.

Anti War Movement Vietnam Essay

Anti contend Movement Vietnam EssayIt is gener ever soy last(predicate)y acknowledged that the anti fightfare forepart in the easy 1960s and early 1970s shortened the Vietnam War how that is interpreted whitethorn depend on whether the person doing the interpretation games or does non support the fight itself. Thus, some see the antiwar effort as having pr occurrenceed the States from winning, patch others see the antiwar effort as pr instanceing the States from continuing a uneconomic and unwinnable war. The primary role of the antiwar movement was not ace that caused change in and of itself exactly that unploughed the issue before the public. The public might shoot accepted the official version of events far longer if that version were not being questioned constantly by antiwar activists. When certain events occurred that suggested that the antiwar protesters were at least part right, the public paid attention. Although at that place was ever growing dissend from cit izens in America, did their actions very help end the war in Vietnam?The Vietnam situation was one that developed and escalated so slowly in the mind of the American heap that it was not until the war had grown to massive plate that the majority of American batch could actually sit down and ask to themselves what they were leave outed into. American conflict in the war had been going on since 1954 when the French were forced to pull out after the battle of Dien Bien Phu.1There had al dashs been great deal against the war, but it was not until more than a ecstasy later that full scale protest groups emerged.Although Kennedy believed that military involvement in South Vietnam would never happen upon their intended goal, the Kennedy administration essentially followed the course that would be continued by subsequent administrations- to maintain a military presence because to do differently would guide America appear weak, and to fight against communist aggression base on the domino theory that if one country fell, more would follow.2 antiauthoritarian as well as Republican presidents continued the war because of the vox populi that it showed American weakness to withdraw. In addition, there is clearly some persuasion that once committed, America could not withdraw without achieving victory. chairman Lyndon Johnson let this caution of negative public opinion influence his policy in the war Haunted by fears of personal inadequacy, profoundly shaped by ethnic norms of courage, honor, and manliness, and determined never to allow the right wing to use his policies in Vietnam as an excuse for a new McCarthy era, Johnson approached the horrible dilemma of Vietnam already wrapped in a straitjacket3The war went largely unexamined by the public until the Johnson administration. The war seemed to conduct no end in hole and the American public was finally starting to realize this. The Gulf of Tonkin firmness publicized doubts about the war and raised quest ions about the policy. Opposition to the war increased as the war escalated thereafter, and certainly the more troops that were sent into Vietnam in the late 1960s, the more opposition solidified. Images of the war on tv set created uncertainty in the U.S. and contributed to the development of the counter-culture. Some have claimed since that time that the variance at home is what lost the war, but it is not at all certain that the opposition at home had that much to do with the loss. It whitethorn have deepened the resolve of the communists, but nothing the U.S. had done prior to the number 1 of opposition at home had been effective, raising the question of why it would have been any more effective in the late 1960s.Several events changed the way the public aphorism the war, and one was the My Lai Massacre. The My Lai Massacre occurred on March 16, 1968, and saw almost 500 unarmed civilians, the majority of which were women and children, murdered by the U.S. Army.4To make thing s worse, some bodies were found to be sexually abused and mutilated. It wasnt until a grade later that the American public found out about the murders which sparked a storm of controversy passim the United States. Another event which glowering public opinion against the war was the self immolation of a Buddhist monk in October 1963 in an act of protest under South Vietnams President Ngo Dinh Diems corrupt regime.5While the antiwar movement had no single iconic temperer to act as a face of the movement, many people from all walks of life participated. Martin Luther King declared his opposition to the war in 1967 in a speech where he outlined seven major reasons he was against the war. He felt that the war was diverting resources away from issues that actually needed attention and was doing far more than devastating the hopes of the poor at home. It was s closure their sons and their brothers and their husbands to fight and die in extraordinarily high proportions relation back to the rest of the population.6Another famous figure who opposed the war was Muhammed Ali, who was unornamented of his heavyweight title for refusing to serve in the military. Even those people unlikely to be a part of a protest movement were gnarly such as doctors, lawyers, housewives, and religious leaders. Anyone who knew someone who was likely to be drafted in the war was a candidate for the antiwar movement.The most active participants in the antiwar movement may very well have been students. Students from around the nation participated in protests during the Vietnam War. Many colleges had formed chapters of Students for a Democratic society, an activist organization which potently opposed the war. SDS expressed that the war is immoral at its root, that it is fought alongside a regime with no claim to represent its people, and that it is foreclosing the hope of making America a decent and truly democratic society.7A monumental event that elevated concern about the war occurre d on May 4, 1970 at Kent State University in Ohio. field of study Guard troops were called in to crush a protest led by Kent State students to oppose the ever escalating war by President Nixon. The event ended in misadventure as four students were killed and nine were hurt, one of which suffered permanent paralysis from the attack.8Those injured in the attack were not only protesters but also complimentary bystanders who were simply in the wrong place at the wrong time. For some, the event was proof not only that the American social and political systems were weakness but that they knew it and were willing to kill young people to protect the spatial relation quo. The incident was a direct response to President Richard Nixons speech make on television on April 30, 1970 which announced what he called an incursion into Cambodia by U.S. troops fighting in Vietnam. This was perceived as a turnout of the war and generated protests on campuses at colleges and universities across th e country. Students at Kent State University in Ohio took part in a series of actions over the weekend following that Thursday night speech, and among the actions taken were the breaking of windows in the business rule and the burning of the Army ROTC building on the campus. The governor ordered the Ohio National Guard to the campus as a police action on Monday, and it was this which would lead to the shooting by National Guardsmen of several students.9Student uprisings in the two years before 1970 saw an increase in confrontations. In 1969 there were two large-scale, national ostensoriums against the war, and there were also moratoriums on many campuses throughout the country. In Kent, 4,000 people marched through the downtown area. In Washington, D.C., a demonstration attracted some 500,000 people.10The Kent State killings could be seen as the culmination of a decade of campus protest, and the response of the government demonstrated how little it understood the depth of legal o pinion against the war and other issues that existed at that time. It also showed how paranoid the leadership could be when confronted with any opposition.With events like the My Lai and Kent State massacres burned into peoples minds, the idea of a war with no purpose to the common person made slight and less sense as time went on. Although antiwar activists cannot receive all the credit for the ending of the war in April of 1975 as the North Vietnamese sacrificed everything for their cause, the antiwar movement kept the issue alive and raised public consciousness in the horse opera world. While governments may routinely act against the wishes of its people, there will eternally come a point in time when enough people dare to oppose the government to bring about real change. This happened in the 1960s and the 1970s due to the efforts of Americans who had enough sense to admit America was wrong in its actions in Vietnam and enough courage to stand up and oppose it.Schulzinger, Rob ert D. A Time For War The United States and Vietnam, 1941-1975. New York Oxford University Press, 1997.Robert D. Schulzinger, A Time For War The United States and Vietnam, 1941-1975 (New York Oxford University Press, 1997) 399McMahon, Robert. Major Problems in the History of the Vietnam War. capital of Massachusetts Houghton Mifflin Company, 2008.Robert McMahon. Major Problems in the History of the Vietnam War (Boston Houghton Mifflin Company, 2008) 399Gosse, cutting edge. Rethinking The New Left. New York Palgrave Macmillan, 2005.Van Gosse. Rethinking The New Left (New York Palgrave Macmillan, 2005) 399

Comparing Abraham Lincoln and John F. Kennedy Essays -- Papers Preside

Comparing Abraham Lincoln and John F. KennedyThe two most discussed assassinations out of the four within the position of the United States President atomic number 18 that of Abraham Lincoln and John F. Kennedy. There ar some similarities between the two and there are also some differences. There are many a(prenominal) similarities associated with the assassination of Lincoln and Kennedy. They were both assassinated on the same day, and the manpower that were caught for the crime were natural a century apart from each otherwise and they were both killed before their trials. A difference between the two workforce is Lincoln was poor and worked his way to the top and Kennedy was born(p) into a smashed family in which his father was a large political figure. Both custody had different struggles nevertheless they were similar in many ways.Abraham Lincoln was born on February 12, 1809 and was raised(a) in a log cabin in Kentucky until he was seven. In 1816, he and hi s family moved to Indiana. Lincoln was raised in a farming family and with no ambition for education. He went to enlighten foresighted enough to read and write and then stopped attending school so he could work on the farm. Both natural parents raised Abraham until 1818 when his mother, Nancy Hanks Lincoln died. In 1819 Abrahams father, Thomas, married a woman named Sarah Bush. By this metre Lincoln was nine years old and very capable of winning care of himself and the farm. John F. Kennedy was born on May 29, 1917 in Massachusetts. different Lincoln, John F Kennedy was raised in a fairly squiffy family. His father, Joseph P. Kennedy was the ambassador to Great Britain during the administration of Franklin D. Roosevelt. He was very well educated, and in 1940 he graduated from Harvard University with the honor of winning ... ...00 years later in 1939. Both Booth and Oswald were known by their full names and both were murdered before their trials.There have been four presidents that have been assassinated. along with Lincoln and Kennedy, James Garfield and William McKinley were also assassinated as presidents. Lincoln and Kennedy are the two that are the most similar and are missed and talked closely the most out of the four. Both men were heroes of their time and both were greatly respected and revered by most of the nation they led. Although Lincoln was born into poor home and Kennedy was born into the political world, they were able to accomplish many great things while they were in office. They were both reelected for another term but were then killed on November 8th exactly one century later. Although these men are dead they are still greatly missed by those that loved them.

Celebrating Nutrition Month at a School :: Health Nutrition Pyramid Diet

Nutrition Month Celebration break July, Life College has a celebration for Nutrition Month. The course of instruction runs like thisIn the morning, the students have a solid nutrient fair, each level decorated their booth and sell cuisines. Elementary students sell nutritious food like takings salad, pancit, eggs and etc. assisted by their p arents. initiatory year variant was assigned to cook Seafood cuisines, 2nd year for Asia cuisines and 3rd year for origination cuisines.While the food fair is on going, chosen grade 1to 4 students participated in Poster Making Contest. It was held in the Library at 900 am. The contest was not that easy because they must just used their fingers and cancel food color for painting. A Grade 3 Matatag student won the contest.Aside from those activities, some of the students join the parlor games. Their activeness in the games showed that they are healthy and fit. Some of the games are Tug of War, Stop Dance and Pasa Buko.The food cooking competi tion started an hour and a half before noon. separately level and section are provided a list of ingredients that they must give and use in making appetizer, main dish, soup, dessert and beverage. When the clock struck at 1200, the judges start to taste and grade the food that they cooked. 2nd year students got the taste of the judges and won the contest.In the afternoon, the program is held in the Life Church auditorium. They have Quiz Bee about nutrition. You allow for see that all of the contestants are giving their best. 1st year undeviating got the 1st place, 3rd year A got the 2nd place and 1st year committed got the 3rd place.After few minutes of break, the look to for A1 child 2008 started. 6 children from the Preschool Department joined the contest. They are all smartness and talented. The audience cheered when they saw these children dressed with their costumes related to fruits and vegetables, sport wears, and school uniforms. The fate stood up form their chair an d clapped their hands when the children showed their talents.

Domination of the Innocent Female in Eliza Fenwick’s Secresy :: Essays Papers

control of the Innocent Female in Eliza Fenwicks SecresyEliza Fenwicks novel Secresy portrays the trope of an innocent female person that is kept locked up and out of the kind realness the problems that arise when this innocent female attempts to break out of this social spatial relation reveals the major oppression of the female society in the latish eighteenth century. Females are kept in their own social sphere by dint of oppression by males, and when secluded females enter into male spheres they cannot endure this falsify and end up severely damaged or dead. Eliza Fenwicks Secresy shows the seclusion, oppression, escape, and goal of Sibella, the innocent female.Eliza Fenwicks Secresy clearly shows a seclusion of the innocent female, Sibella. Sibellas seclusion from society is a prevalent theme in late eighteenth century literature a theme of public workforce and private wo custody (Stafford 138). The idea is that men are expected to be reveal of more social locations t han the domestic and controllable women. Many proper female writers at the time felt that women should not be a break of a worldly society as Wakefield firmly stated it is impermissible for women to mix in the public haunts of men, and women should not risk their delicacy, reserve, and moral white by venturing into a worldly society (Stafford 139). Women should not be a part of this male society and the only safe place for unsalted women is domestic privacy secluding themselves from the haunts of the worldly society and protecting themselves from the faults of public men (Stafford 139). Sibella is fully secluded from society she has very little outside tangency and is almost a pure example of domestic privacy. Not having a worldly education, Sibella is kept in seclusion and does not understand social whole works she therefore relies on her only friend to reveal the workings of the world to her. Caroline Ashburn is Sibellas only friend and is fully undecided to a worldly socie ty from the beginnings of her life therefore, she is not innocent in the sense of Sibellas location and can deal with the male society. Caroline reveals the world to Sibella and exposes Sibella to her own oppression by the dominant male figures in her life. The revelation of Sibellas oppression to herself begins a process of rebellion against her oppressors in an effort to enjoy a worldly society.Sibella is considered irrational by her oppressor, her Uncle Valmont.

Essays --

Insecurities often trouble young great deal making heights naturalise difficult to manage. There are many new pressures that come with universe a teenager and friendships are often the key to surviving high school. At such a young age, most teenagers have not discovered themselves yet and they need the swear out of others to uncover their true potential. In the coming of age original The Perks of Being a Wallflower, by Stephen Chbosky, Charlie searches for his identicalness and finds it with the help of his friends. Charlies good friend surface-to-air missile, physically and mentally influences Charlie to becomes a more(prenominal) mature and confident person when she teaches him how to navigate relationships and helps him rediscover his knightly.surface-to-air missile physically exposes Charlie to new experiences that change over him into a more confident person. At the fasten on of the school year Charlie is an anti-social and introverted freshman who is reluctant and un sure of himself. He enters high school with no friends, but soon becomes friends with a atrophied group of seniors, most importantly Sam, that influence him to become a stronger individual. Sam introduces him to many new things that he never would have experienced before. For example, drugs, alcohol, love, sexuality, parties and relationships change Charlie into an more confident person by breaking him out if his drag zone. Sam plays a huge role in his development from be easily influenced to making decisions for himself. Sam motivates him to explore a new ramp of life and he realizes that life needs to be lived and not watched. Charlie grows from existence someone who sits by and watches life to a person who fully participates in life. Charlie begins to develop and mature as his character is faced with unfamiliar situations that assume him out of his s... ... reason that Charlie is the way he is. Once he was in touch with his feelings, he can understand and progress in his l ife. The novel ends with Charlie forgiving his Aunt Helen, and finding the strength to move on with his life.Sam guides Charlie is the right direction for him to become a more outgoing and doughty person by teaching him to take risks and recover what happened to him as a child. Without Sam, Charlie would be a completely different person and would probably belt up be hurting from an internal pain that he is unaware of. In life peers can impact others life and personality by physically taking them to new places and having them try new things. On the other hand, people can effect others mentally by helping them understand their past in order to move forward. Peoples influence on others often help to shape their personality and discover their identity.

life of US soldier :: essays research papers

The quality of life of the single soldiers in the Army is at an all time high. Never before has in that respect been such an effort to increase the quality of life as we look at had in the last few years. From 1998-1999 the army spent nearly $600 gazillion in new barracks construction or renovations to older barracks, building 30,000 1 + 1 spaces for junior enlisted. The command here at Landstuhl Regional checkup Center has also tried to keep the permanent party soldiers in a 1 + 1 style of nourishment even though current events pose forced some changes. Today we are finding fewer places that dumb have 4 per room or a common latrine for the floor. We have kitchens, laundry rooms with easy access, and a mightily day room. And while they are not always up to a standard we expect, its only beca using up the soldiers that use them fail to keep them card-playing or take care of the equipment in them.Unfortunately despite all the changes to recent policies and the continuing im provement in the barracks in that location are still several areas that I would like to see improved. In terms of our living areas the main issue is privacy and morale. The command does not abuse the use of inspections because they are a necessity, but they do not consider the position that some jobs in the hospital operate on a 24 hour basis. For example while working night slick you may wish to calm from 1000 till 1600. Since there are break of serve workers who are home during the day, or people who come home for their luncheon break you are forced to deal with loud music or yelling outside, not to mention traffic. But worse then that, if there is a room inspection or furniture check, you also have to deal with people walking into your room, usually around 1100-1400. Its explicit where the problem is with shift workers. This could be easily fixed by startle earlier such as at 0830-0900 or even skillful starting at 1000 while going to the night shift personnels rooms fir st. This would eliminate being disturbed during sleep time and still show that the command cares about the welfare and morale of its soldiers.When considering the quality of life of single soldiers, you must also look at programs offered to them. This area we also find to be lacking.

I’m Not Chinese Anymore and I’m Never Going to be an American Essay

Im Not Chinese Anymore and Im Never Going to be an AmericanI could fan out this piece with a clear statement, a thesis or controlling idea of some sorta sketch preview for you, my reader, of what is to come and what is to be told. However, I wont.Instead, please close your eyeball for a minutejust for a minuteand imagine yourself academic session before a young eastward Asian girl. You know shes East Asian because of her black hair, off-white skin, a pair of ebony eyeball and a nose that is just a bit too humdrum to be mistaken for an Indian. Sitting in an armchair with her left arm back up her cheek, she stares at you for a little while then starts to handleslowly, thoughtfully, well-nigh tonelesslyI was born in China and came to United States active foursome years ago, when I was thirteen. I had no idea what the earth was then, even though I thought I did. And this very moment, four years later, I still have no idea what the human beings is. Ive seen more parts of it, true. exactly the puzzle pieces refuse to come in concert somehow. People often ask me if Im a Chinese living in America or an American born in China. An unanswerable question, and how can you hope to netherstand life without knowing who you are? I am not Chinese anymore there is no objective in denying it. But I am notand I dont fatality to bean American. Not completelynot like this.Now open your eyes, silently think for a few moments about what she said, and return to my deliveryor rather, echoes of someone else.Being Mexican-American is tough. The Anglos jump all over you if you dont speak English perfectly. Mexicans jump all over you if you dont speak Spanish perfectly. We gotta be twice as perfect as everyone else, so said a character from the 1997 hit movie Selena.... ...n prom queen A bookish girl, Ive always been awkward in crowds, and peoples first impression of me usually is that of a nervous, withdrawn little creature. An unfortunate gift from the past, you may ca ll it, mold by years of stern guidance and harsh social opinions.But all those years are gone, no matter how happy or gloomy they may be. I dont seek to relive the past, I scarcely need to make peace with it and somehow move on, as myself, under the sunlight of Manhattan and the shadows created by its glorious skyscrapers. Works CitedCofer, Judith Ortiz. Silent Dancing. Encounters Essays for Exploration and Inquiry. foxy C. Hoy II and Robert DiYanni. New York McGraw-Hill.Golden, Arthur. Memoirs of a Geisha. New York Random House. 1999. Selena. Dir. Gregory Nava. Pref. Jennifer Lopez. Becky lee(prenominal) Meza. Edward James Olmos. Warren Brothers. 1997.

Critical Pedagogy :: Teaching Education Essays

Critical PedagogyEducation must be silent as producing not only knowledge but also governmental subjects. This statement by Paulo Freire is very bold, and can be translated in umpteen different ways. First, the word knowledge can be understood in many different ways. By definition, knowledge is defined as the casualness with facts, truths, or principles. This knowledge according to Freire would be entirely based on a receptacle idea of education, and just filling us up with facts that our teachers know. In some countries this knowledge would mean only the information that the government or the rulers would like the citizens to know. In this sense, education is used to create subjects that are all exactly the same. It creates subjects that usually would not deviate from the normal pattern, and would definitely not rebel against the system. Knowledge can also be something that each mortal establishes individually by experience and by learning from teachers who do not teach in the banking method, but in a method to economic aid students understand concepts, principles, and ideas. The idea of education creating policy-making subjects is also up for argument. A subject can be defined as a psyche who is under the domination of a sovereign or a state. This path mortal who is hale to break down their life according to a government, and result certain laws. No one should have to be forced to live and think only in a way that is acceptable to a government or political power. Everyone is an individual, and can ultimately make decisions for him or herself. If ones way of thought is dominated or rule by anything or anyone, then the individual is the one who is allowing this to happen to himself. He does not want to be free. He does not want to be an individual. People who wish to be individuals will never allow their thoughts and minds to be dominated by a political power. They may be persecuted for their diversion from the accepted way of life, but they wil l never allow someone else to rule the way they think. This has been shown through many great historical figures. For example, Mahatma Gandhi was forced to be a political subject under the rule of political leaders, and was persecuted because of his thoughts and actions. Throughout his hardships he persevered, and did not let anyone control his thoughts and his mind.

Forgotten Kids with Mental Illness Essay -- Children with Mental Disab

Forgotten Kids atomic number 18 babyren that have disabilities that are barely visible. They have their arms and legs, puke actualize and hear, run, play, etc., and most have never been invited to a birthday indian lodge or to a sleep over. They are the last to be chosen to play and the first to be blamed. Their illnesses arent fatal, but a crushed part of their hearts and souls die with every rejection. Their behaviors seem odd or unpredictable to themselves as much as to society. They are misunderstood and overlooked, so the name Forgotten Kids. Maybe I can bring intellectual by showing and providing insight into the life of a child enamored with mental illness and hopefully people will realize that my child is just as special as the next.An estimated 7,000,000 children in Missouri that suffers from these hidden disabilities. Mental illness not only affects the life of the child but the whole community. I live with this fact every day because my watchword suffers fro m Bipolar, better known as Manic Depression. Bipolar children long to be free of the strange feelings of sadness or euphoria and the voices that torment them. They press for a good nights sleep and hope for a day when they can put their words on paper. They dream of friends who dont cast out them when their moods change and look for a miracle in the eyes of doctors who dont always believe that bipolar can happen to a child. Until society becomes more aware and accepting of these illnesses, our future children with these disab...

Malcolm X Essay -- essays research papers

Malcolm small(a) was born May 19, 1925 in Omaha, Nebraska. He grew up around octad siblings. His mother was a mixed woman because her mother was raped by a duster man. His father was a very outspoken opprobrious Baptist church minister, who preached that blacks should go back to Africa. Due to death threats by white supremacist his family had to relocate to different places to live. After all that time his father was bump off when police found his body on the trolley tracks. The mother brand-new it was by white supremacist. After his death his mother was committed to an kooky asylum. Malcolm and his brother and sisters were split up and sent to foster homes and orphanages.Malcolm graduated at the top of his junior high class. He then located to Harlem, new-sprung(prenominal) York. He then ...

Policing Cyberspace on the Internet Essay -- Internet Communication Co

Policing Cyberspace on the meshworkThe network is a method of communication and a p arentage of reading that is worthy more popular among those who are interested in, and deem the time to shop the information superhighway. The problem with this much information organism come-at-able to this galore(postnominal) people is that some of it is deemed inappropriate for minors. The g all overnment wants censorship, still a ingredient of the population does non. Legislative regulation of the profit would be an appropriate mapping of the government. The Communications Decency Act is an amendment which prevents the information superhighway from fair a data processor red light district. On June 14, 1995, by a vote of 84-16, the united States Senate passed the amendment. It is now being brought through the House of Representatives.1 The Internet is owned and operated by the government, which gives them the obligation to restrict the materials available through it. though it appea rs to have sprung up overnight, the inspiration of loose-spirited hackers, it in fact was born in Defense department Cold War projects of the 1950s.2 The United States Government owns the Internet and has the responsibility to square who uses it and how it is used. The government mustiness control what information is accessible from its agencies. This material is not lawfully available through the mail or over the telephone, thither is no valid reason these perverts should be each(prenominal)owed unimpeded on the Internet. Since our initiative, the attention has commendably advanced some blocking devices, barely they are not a substitute for well-reasoned law.4 Because the Internet has become one of the biggest sources of information in this world, legislative safeguards are imperative. The government gives citizens the privilege of using the Internet, but it has never precondition them the right to use it. They seem to rationalize that the framers of the piece of music pla nned & plot at great length to make legitimate that above all else, the profiteering pornographer, the pervert and the pedophile must be free to practice their pursuits in the presence of children on a taxpayer created and subsidized computer network.3 People standardised this are the ones in the wrong. Taxpayers dollars are being worn out(p) bringing dingy text and graphics into the homes of people all over the world. The government must take cont... ...Employee Net Postings? Network World. talks pickup Database, 042574. 20 Feb. 1995, 8. Gibbs, Mark. relation back Crazies Want To Carve Up Telecom. Network World. talks magazine Database, 039436. 12 Sept. 1994, 37. Horowitz, Mark. Finding History On The Net. American Heritage. Oct. 1995, 38. Laberis, Bill. The bell of Freedom. Computerworld. Dialog Magazine Database, 036777. 25 Apr. 1994, 34. Messmer, Ellen. Fighting for Justice On The modern Frontier. Network World. Dialog Magazine Database, 028048. 11 Jan. 1993, S19.Poli cing Cyberspace. U.S. in the altogethers & World Report. 23 Jan. 1995, 55-60. Messmer, Ellen. Sen. Dole Backs New Internet Antiporn Bill. Network World. Dialog Magazine Database, 044829. 12 June 1995, 12. Shifting Into The unfaltering Lane. U.S. News & World Report. 23 Jan. 1995, 52-53. Taylor, Bruce A. Memorandum of trust In entertain Of The Communications Decency Amendment. National Law Center for Children & Families. 29 June 1995, 1-7. food turner, Bob. The Internet Filter. N.p. Turner Investigations, Research and Communication, 1995. WebCrawler Search Results. Webcrawler. With the query words magazines and sex. 13 Sept. 1995. Policing Cyberspace on the Internet Essay -- Internet Communication CoPolicing Cyberspace on the InternetThe Internet is a method of communication and a source of information that is becoming more popular among those who are interested in, and have the time to surf the information superhighway. The problem with this much information bei ng accessible to this many people is that some of it is deemed inappropriate for minors. The government wants censorship, but a segment of the population does not. Legislative regulation of the Internet would be an appropriate function of the government. The Communications Decency Act is an amendment which prevents the information superhighway from becoming a computer red light district. On June 14, 1995, by a vote of 84-16, the United States Senate passed the amendment. It is now being brought through the House of Representatives.1 The Internet is owned and operated by the government, which gives them the obligation to restrict the materials available through it. Though it appears to have sprung up overnight, the inspiration of free-spirited hackers, it in fact was born in Defense Department Cold War projects of the 1950s.2 The United States Government owns the Internet and has the responsibility to determine who uses it and how it is used. The government must control what informat ion is accessible from its agencies. This material is not lawfully available through the mail or over the telephone, there is no valid reason these perverts should be allowed unimpeded on the Internet. Since our initiative, the industry has commendably advanced some blocking devices, but they are not a substitute for well-reasoned law.4 Because the Internet has become one of the biggest sources of information in this world, legislative safeguards are imperative. The government gives citizens the privilege of using the Internet, but it has never given them the right to use it. They seem to rationalize that the framers of the constitution planned & plotted at great length to make certain that above all else, the profiteering pornographer, the pervert and the pedophile must be free to practice their pursuits in the presence of children on a taxpayer created and subsidized computer network.3 People like this are the ones in the wrong. Taxpayers dollars are being spent bringing obscene t ext and graphics into the homes of people all over the world. The government must take cont... ...Employee Net Postings? Network World. Dialog Magazine Database, 042574. 20 Feb. 1995, 8. Gibbs, Mark. Congress Crazies Want To Carve Up Telecom. Network World. Dialog Magazine Database, 039436. 12 Sept. 1994, 37. Horowitz, Mark. Finding History On The Net. American Heritage. Oct. 1995, 38. Laberis, Bill. The Price of Freedom. Computerworld. Dialog Magazine Database, 036777. 25 Apr. 1994, 34. Messmer, Ellen. Fighting for Justice On The New Frontier. Network World. Dialog Magazine Database, 028048. 11 Jan. 1993, S19.Policing Cyberspace. U.S. News & World Report. 23 Jan. 1995, 55-60. Messmer, Ellen. Sen. Dole Backs New Internet Antiporn Bill. Network World. Dialog Magazine Database, 044829. 12 June 1995, 12. Shifting Into The Fast Lane. U.S. News & World Report. 23 Jan. 1995, 52-53. Taylor, Bruce A. Memorandum of Opinion In Support Of The Communications Decency Amendment. National Law Cen ter for Children & Families. 29 June 1995, 1-7. Turner, Bob. The Internet Filter. N.p. Turner Investigations, Research and Communication, 1995. WebCrawler Search Results. Webcrawler. With the query words magazines and sex. 13 Sept. 1995.

The Different Development of the New England, Southern, and Middle Colo

The Different Development of the New England, Southern, and Middle ColoniesAmerica was a place for dreams and new beginnings, until white throng arrived in 1607. Three groups sailed all everywhere the treacherous Atlantic from their cruel lives in England to set up tranquil phantasmal colonies. The only problem is that they attempted to settle in their feature way and all failed di elfiny. The New England, Middle and Southern Colonies grew differently over the period 1619-1760.Examining the three sets of colonies will prove that they were all different socially, economically, politically but not philosophically. Socially the three groups of colonies developed differently. The New England Colonies animateness was dominated by the Puritan religion. There was strict observation of the Sabbath, people dressed in somber clothing, Christmas and birthdays were not celebrated and religious permissiveness was not practiced. People supported each other to create a one-class organizati on middle class, a homogenous background. In the Middle Colonies the world-wide population celebrated for any reason, wore the latest European Fashions and practiced religious toleration. They had a two-class system of upper class landowners and middle class professionals life in large cities. In the Southern Colonies the plantations and cosmopolitan environment dominated social life. The Southern Colonies had a strict three class system upper class rich plantation owners, middle class small plantation owners, lower class ...

The Medicinal, Industrial, Recreational, and Commercial Uses of Marijua

The Medicinal, Industrial, Recreational, and commercialised Uses of cannabisPenalties against possession of a drug should not be much damage to the individual than the use of the drug itself said President prise Carter in a message to Congress in 1977 (Family Council on medicate Awareness). Unfortunately, carnal knowledge did not and has not listened to him. Even though numerous government-sponsored studies substantiate turn up that the use of the cannabis give is safe and has many benefits, it is exempt illegal. hempen necktie sativa is a flowering plant that has two main variations cannabis and hemp. ganja contains the chemical delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (tetrahydrocannabinol) which alters the mind when smoked, eaten, drank, or taken in the tabloid form. It is oftentimes called grass, pot, reefer, Mary Jane, herb, weed, or one of over 200 gull basis (National Institute of medicate Abuse). Hemp is bred to founder lower THC surfeit so that it does not pick o ut mind-altering capabilities. It is often utilize to contact fibers, clothing, oil, ropes, and to aerate the soil in crop rotation. The qualities of both strains of the cannabis plant are not new discoveries to humankind. In fact, the Chinese foremost enter use of marijuana in the year 2727 B.C. (Schleichert 5). People in either inhabited continent legally used marijuana for fun and medicate for thousands of years. It was not until after the Reefer Madness campaign of the thirty-something that marijuana became illegal in the United States. The campaign gave exaggerated stories and irrational nurture to scare people away from the use of cannabis. Ever since, studies have shown that marijuana is safe and beneficial and activists have pushed for legalization, but governments refuse to countenance it. Instead, they have harsh laws prohibit... ... Should they be Legalized. unsanded Jersey Enslow, 1996.Potter, Dr. Beverley and Dan Joy. The Healing head game of Cannabis. Be rkeley Ronin, 1998.Schleichert, Elizabeth. The Drug Library Marijuana. New Jersey Enslow, 1996.Simmons, Michael. Afterword. The Madness Continues. Reefer Madness. New York St. Martins Griffon, 1998. 397-435.Swan, Neil. Marijuana, other(a) Drug Use Among Teens Continues to Rise. NIDA Notes. Apr 1995. On-line. Internet. Available web http//165.112.78.61/NIDA_Notes/NNVol10N2/Marijuanateens.html.Woolf, Marie. Cannabis less(prenominal) prejudicial than aspirin, says scientist. Independent News 20 Oct 2000. On-line. Internet. 23 Jan 2001. Available WWW http//www.independent.co.uk/ intelligence service/UK/Health/2000-10/cannabis201000.shtml.Zimmer, Lynn, Ph.D. and John P. Morgan, M.D. Marijuana Myths, Marijuana Facts. New York Lindesmith Center, 1997. The Medicinal, Industrial, Recreational, and Commercial Uses of MarijuaThe Medicinal, Industrial, Recreational, and Commercial Uses of MarijuanaPenalties against possession of a drug should not be more damaging to the indivi dual than the use of the drug itself said President Jimmy Carter in a message to Congress in 1977 (Family Council on Drug Awareness). Unfortunately, congress did not and has not listened to him. Even though numerous government-sponsored studies have proven that the use of the cannabis plant is safe and has many benefits, it is still illegal. Cannabis sativa is a flowering plant that has two main variations marijuana and hemp. Marijuana contains the chemical delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) which alters the mind when smoked, eaten, drank, or taken in the pill form. It is often called grass, pot, reefer, Mary Jane, herb, weed, or one of over 200 slang terms (National Institute of Drug Abuse). Hemp is bred to have lower THC content so that it does not have mind-altering capabilities. It is often used to make fibers, clothing, oil, ropes, and to aerate the soil in crop rotation. The qualities of both strains of the cannabis plant are not new discoveries to humankind. In fact, the Chin ese first recorded use of marijuana in the year 2727 B.C. (Schleichert 5). People in every inhabited continent legally used marijuana for recreation and medicine for thousands of years. It was not until after the Reefer Madness campaign of the 1930s that marijuana became illegal in the United States. The campaign gave exaggerated stories and false information to scare people away from the use of cannabis. Ever since, studies have shown that marijuana is safe and beneficial and activists have pushed for legalization, but governments refuse to legalize it. Instead, they have harsh laws prohibit... ... Should they be Legalized. New Jersey Enslow, 1996.Potter, Dr. Beverley and Dan Joy. The Healing Magic of Cannabis. Berkeley Ronin, 1998.Schleichert, Elizabeth. The Drug Library Marijuana. New Jersey Enslow, 1996.Simmons, Michael. Afterword. The Madness Continues. Reefer Madness. New York St. Martins Griffon, 1998. 397-435.Swan, Neil. Marijuana, Other Drug Use Among Teens Continues to Ri se. NIDA Notes. Apr 1995. On-line. Internet. Available WWW http//165.112.78.61/NIDA_Notes/NNVol10N2/Marijuanateens.html.Woolf, Marie. Cannabis less harmful than aspirin, says scientist. Independent News 20 Oct 2000. On-line. Internet. 23 Jan 2001. Available WWW http//www.independent.co.uk/news/UK/Health/2000-10/cannabis201000.shtml.Zimmer, Lynn, Ph.D. and John P. Morgan, M.D. Marijuana Myths, Marijuana Facts. New York Lindesmith Center, 1997.

The Changing of Communication Essay -- Functions of Communication

The emphasis from traditional mixed visual and verbal conversation to solely verbal communication is encouraged by the expanding global residential district by conducting distant communication through telecommunications. Instead of boardroom meetings, recall meeting connect businesses worldwide synthesizing bigger markets and new buyers. This change is twain good and bad good for the expansion of businesses, but bad for the dismissal of personal connection. With telephone meetings eliminating travel, it is paralanguage that conveys personalities, not appearances, over the phone through variations in pitch, volume and pace, or how a person speaks. Just as a person would dress to give the right impression for a job, now with effective paralanguage, a person can use idiom to give the right impression for a job.Before the surge of globalization, Albert Mehrabian, a researcher in the field of communication, established a classic statistic that alone 7% of meaning in effective spok en communication is from the echt words spoken, while 38% comes from paralinguistic (the way words be said), and 55% comes from facial expressions (Chapman www.businessballs.com). Now that globalization has transformed communication, the 55% of communications meaning in facial expression translates into paralanguage and the words that are spoken. The already high percentage, and now the increasing percentage of communication relaying on paralanguage demonstrates the importance of understanding it for modern business communication. First impressions, and withstand impressions, expecially over the telephone, effects the perception of a persons reputation through their voice by 3 aspects of paralanguage pitch, volume and pace. In a study comparing readers, observ... ...spects of paralanguage effectively so at the end of the day, a profit is world made and success is being achieved all because of clear communication.Works CitedChapman, Alan. Mehrabian Communication Research. Busin ess Balls. 2004. May 1, 2005. http//www.businessballs.com/mehrabiancommunications.htmFatt, mob P.T. Its Not What You Say, Its How You Say It - Nonverbal Communication. Communication human June-July 1999. May 5, 2005 http//www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m4422/is_6_16/ai_55580031Tannen, Deborah. Thats Not What I Meant How Conversation Styles Makes or Breaks Relationships. New York Ballantine Books, 1986.Waltman, John L. and Steven P. Golen. Detecting Deception During Interviews Great Communicators. Internal attender August 1993. May 5, 2005 http//www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m4153/is_n4_v50/ai_14506773

Importance of Nick Carraway, Narrator of F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Grea

Importance of snick Carraway, Narrator of F. Scott Fitzgeralds The owing(p) Gatsby In The Great Gatsby, written by F. Scott Fitzgerald, the narrator, Nick Carraway, tells a story in which Jay Gatsby tries to strain happiness through wealth. Even though the novel is titled later on Gatsby, Nick analyzes the actions of others and presents the story so that the reader can comprehend the theme. throughout the novel, Nick is the vehicle used to gather all of the pieces together to meditate about Gatsby. Nick is the only if character that changes in the novel from the start out to the end. Nick is the literary device that is employed to learn about Gatsby, which in the end tells the theme of the story. Throughout the novel, flashbacks are inserted, courtesy of Nick, to reveal piece by piece about the mysterious Gatsby. Nick patches the pieces of the pay off together regarding Gatsbys old and lack of a future. Nick is like the box of a puzzle the puzzle is imposs ible to put together without it. Without Nick, the readers opinion of Gatsby would be drastically different. The readers opinion would be swayed by the idea that Gatsby becomes rich via bootlegging alcoholic drink and counterfeiting bonds. Nick persuades the observer that Gatsby is ...worth the whole damn bunch (rich class) put together(Fitzgerald 162). Even though Gatsby aspires to be part of the upper echelon, he, fortunately, is different from them. Nick also analyzes Gatsbys behavior in order to provide the reader with inside information and a summary of the great man. At the end of the novel, Nick comments on Gatsbys life by stating that (Gatsby) had come a long way to this good-for-naught lawn and his dream must have seem... ...ald 172). Throughout the novel, Nick is instrumental as voice that tells the reader about Gatsby. Nick is both within and without, neer really assimilating like the rich (Chambers 41). Most essentially, Nick is the only character in the novel that changes. Nick Carraway is the main character of the novel. Without Nick, the important allegorical message would not be illustrated Money cannot buy respect or peace of mind. Works Cited and Consulted Berman, Ronald. The Great Gatsby and Fitzgeralds World of Ideas. Tuscaloosa U of aluminium P, 1997. Chambers, John B. The Novels of F. Scott Fitzgerald. London Macmillan/ sunrise(prenominal) York St Martins P, 1989. deKoster, Katie, ed. Readings on The Great Gatsby. San Diego Greenhaven, 1998. Fitzgerald, F. Scott. The Great Gatsby. Simon and Schuster Inc., New York 1991.