An essay on U.S. trade barriers and protectionism.

Behind a tariff wall built by Washington, Hamilton, Clay, Lincoln, and the Republican presidents who followed, the United States had gone from an agrarian coastal body politic to become the greatest industrial power the world had constantly seen -- in a single century. Such was the success of the polity called protectionism that is so disparaged today.

- Buchanan on the history of U.S. protectionism:

Historical Perspectives on U.S. calling Policy

The late argumentation over the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) has sparked off fears that domestic political support for all-inclusive U.S. trade policies may be waning. In this context, it is imperative to go steady the historical evolution of US trade policy and the take toward a more than liberal trade policy posture since World War II.

The phase of high-tariffs (1880 - 1930)

The U.S. Civil War label the beginning of a long period of high tariffs, which served the double purpose of raising receipts for the federal official government and retention out foreign goods, for the protection of U.S. labor and business. Yet, by the mid-1880s a curious problem had arisen: though much of the debt had been paid off, federal revenues were outstripping expenditures by as much as 50 percent.

It is raise to note that though Republican and Democratic politicians agreed that the fiscal surplus should be reduced, they proposed exactly the opposite policies for achieving this objective. While the Democrats advocated excision tariff rates in an effort to reduce revenue arguing that this would simply encourage imports and raise even more revenue, the Republicans proposed higher tariff rates to reduce fiscal revenue. This debate essentially hinged on whether existing tariffs were above or at a lower place the revenue-maximizing rate, which in turn depended on the height of the tariff and the damage elasticity of import demand.

The tariff was...

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